Appalling as they are, the recent revelations of the APA’s alleged complicity with abuses committed by our government,  are certainly not surprising. The social psychologist, Philip Slater has noted,  the motivation of organizations is similar to the ambivalence of  individual motivation.   Contradictory motivations, to do good and to do evil, for example, often characterize the behavior of individuals.  The notorious  experiments, in the name of science, of  such psychologists as Harry Harlow, Stanley Milgram and Philip Zimbardo, to name a few, are cases in point. In a similar manner, the organization’s need to “do no harm” may have been trumped by the hubris of its leadership. A testament to the inherent vitality of the APA, however, has been  the opposing faction’s ability to prevail in the face of a conspiracy of silence.